To Your Health
February, 2010 (Vol. 04, Issue 02) |
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Selenium
The mineral selenium also participates as an antioxidant by activating the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. In this role, selenium attaches to four different sites on the glutathione peroxidase enzyme, thereby activating its antioxidant capabilities.
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have been shown to have lower blood levels of selenium. In an important 1997 study, patients given 200 micrograms of selenium daily for three months reported fewer tender and swollen joints, and less morning stiffness. They also required lower doses of anti-inflammatory medication than patients in the control group (who weren't taking daily selenium).
Medication Isn't the Only Answer
The administration of the antioxidant vitamins E and C, as well as the mineral selenium, to patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis represents a scientifically sound complementary intervention that has been shown to enhance the reduction of joint pain, swelling and tenderness in clinical and experimental studies. Some of the biological mechanisms through which these antioxidants act to reduce the synthesis of inflammatory mediators within the joint synovial tissues have been documented.
It is important to note that the doses of these micronutrients associated with reduction of RA signs and symptoms are at levels well beyond what an individual can derive from food alone. Therefore, supplementation of these nutrients is required to achieve the desired results in RA cases. As a precautionary note, vitamin E intake above 400 IU per day may potentiate the effects of anticoagulant drugs (coumadin, warfarin, Plavix, aspirin), and possibly lead to a bleeding disorder. However, aside from this potential adverse side effect, there are few other instances where antioxidant supplementation (at the above noted dosages) is of concern or contraindicated. Of course, always talk to your doctor first so the two of you can outline an appropriate strategy for reducing your RA symptoms without having to rely exclusively on medication.
Ideal Food Sources of Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Selenium
High in Vitamin C
- Citrus fruits
- Bell peppers
High in Vitamin E
- Wheat germ oil
- Nuts and seeds
- Green leafy vegetables
High in Selenium
- Nuts (especially Brazil nuts)
- Tuna and various other fish
- Wheat flour
High in All Three
- Spinach
- Broccoli
- Mustard greens/seeds
James Meschino, DC, MS, practices in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and is the author of four nutrition books, including The Meschino Optimal Living Program and Break the Weight Loss Barrier.
